Author: Zain Haney

The Impact Of Pest Control Services On Your Property’s Value

Zain Haney Pest Control , , , ,

Your home is one of the largest financial investments that you will make in your lifetime. In addition, it is where you will raise your family and rest your head at night.

Pest infestations impose hidden costs that can devalue your property and even threaten your health. From termites that erode foundations to rodents that chew through electrical wiring and insulation, pests can cause expensive damage and safety hazards. Visit our Website to learn more.

pest control

Termites

A termite infestation can have an impact far greater than simply eradicating the pests and repairing damage. In the long run, a home with a history of termite damage can be more difficult to sell, as it is likely to be perceived as a riskier investment. This can also have a ripple effect in the insurance landscape, affecting premiums and coverage limitations.

Additionally, the damage that a termite infestation can do to wooden furnishings and structures can be significant, and the fungus-like nature of these pests means they are difficult to get rid of. This can leave owners with a lot of money in repairs and a lot less to show for their homes.

Finally, termite damage can also deter prospective buyers from pursuing the property. The odors and signs of a termite infestation can have a strong negative psychological impact on potential buyers, and this is something that cannot always be overcome.

With the right pest control services, homeowners can protect their properties from pests and preserve their values. Taking a proactive stance not only saves the homeowner money on maintenance and repair costs but also shows potential buyers that the property is well-cared for, which can make it more attractive to a wide range of interested parties. Termite prevention is a key aspect of this, and the use of integrated pest management strategies can dramatically reduce the likelihood of an infestation. This approach is vital for protecting property value, even in the face of a changing real estate market.

Rodents

Rodents like mice and rats not only damage property, they also pose health risks to occupants. They spread disease and contaminate food by chewing and urinating in areas where they live. Mice and rats can also gnaw electrical wiring, which can lead to fires. Rodents also eat and destroy insulation in attics, a problem that is responsible for up to 25 percent of all house fires. Regular pest control measures can help keep rodents away from homes and businesses.

Infestations can cause serious damage to a property and significantly reduce its value. In the real estate market, buyers are often wary of a property that appears dirty or unhealthy. The cost of eradicating pests and the negative perception that a pest-infested property gives off can make it difficult to sell or rent the property, resulting in a loss of money for the owner.

Pest infestations increase repair costs and insurance premiums. In addition, the cost of medical expenses resulting from pest-borne diseases and allergies can add up quickly. Keeping pest populations under control saves property owners from these costs, contributing to higher property values.

Regular pest inspections and environmental modifications are crucial for upholding a property’s value. Many pests establish large infestations in surprisingly short periods. A single sighting of a pest on the premises can signal that more are hiding nearby. Sealing cracks, managing vegetation, ensuring proper waste disposal, and cleaning storage spaces can prevent pests from finding comfortable homes on commercial and residential properties.

A thorough pest control plan protects property values and increases habitability for occupants. In addition, the cost of pest control services is far lower than the potential losses associated with pest infestations.

Cockroaches

Cockroaches may seem like a nuisance, but they are also capable of damaging your property’s value. This is due to their ability to spread disease, damage surfaces, and create unpleasant living conditions. They can also increase repair costs and deter potential buyers or tenants, causing your property’s value to decline.

With their origins in tropical environments, cockroaches seek out areas of high moisture and temperature. This includes basements, bathrooms, greenhouses, and kitchens. Because of this, they are especially likely to infest buildings occupied by humans. They also enjoy hanging out in sewers, boiler rooms, steam tunnels, and the space behind refrigerators and stoves.

They are scavengers that feed on anything, including food scraps, paper, fabric, and dead insects. The spines on their legs pick up germs as they crawl over decaying materials, which can then be transferred to food and household surfaces. They are known to carry 33 types of bacteria (including E coli and Salmonella), six kinds of parasitic worms, and many other diseases. They can cause respiratory infections, diarrhea, and even death if ingested.

Besides the health hazards, cockroaches can damage your property by contaminating food and causing staining and odors. They gnaw on paper, cardboard, and fabrics, and leave behind fecal matter and secretions that stain surfaces over time. Additionally, they emit a foul-smelling pheromone that can linger in areas where infestations occur.

The pests mentioned above are just a few of the species that can impact your property’s value. However, other pests like termites and rodents can also weaken the structure of your home or business, causing a loss in overall value. This is because prospective buyers and tenants are likely to be put off by the damage and potential health risks.

Ants

Although ants are considered pests by most people, they play an important role in ecosystems. Their nests underground aerate the soil, making it more nutrient-rich and improving its ability to support plant growth. Ants also disperse seeds and pollinate flowers, contributing to the biodiversity of our planet.

In homes, ants cause problems because they carry bacteria and other pathogens that can contaminate food supplies. They may also gnaw through wires and insulation, posing serious safety risks for residents. In addition, if ants are found in kitchens, they can ruin food items by crawling on them.

When an infestation is not treated quickly, the costs associated with extermination and repairs can add up significantly. Furthermore, a property that has a history of pest infestation can be stigmatized by potential buyers, lowering its market value.

Ant infestations can be difficult to manage because there are many different ant species, each with its preferred habitats and behaviors. Some, like carpenter ants, damage wood by burrowing through it, while others, such as odorous house ants, search for food inside homes.

To reduce the number of ants in and around homes, regular inspections and preventive measures are necessary. This can include sealing entry points, addressing moisture problems, and removing overhanging vegetation that provides shelter for ants. Additionally, reducing the amount of crumbs and other food sources in and around the home can help deter ant foraging. Various commercial baits are available to attract ants and kill them, but some of these chemicals can be toxic if ingested by children or pets. The best approach is a natural powder-like product such as diatomaceous earth, which works by absorbing the ants. outer layer causing them to dehydrate.

Bed Bugs

Bed bugs are a serious pest issue that is difficult to treat effectively. Although they often infest apartment buildings, they can occur in individual homes and hotels as well. Infestations are spread as people move, and they can be carried on luggage, clothing, personal items, or even stuffed animals. The recent resurgence of these insects has been attributed in part to international travel. Bed bug infestations can also be introduced into a building or home by purchasing infested furniture at a second-hand store.

The presence of these insects deters prospective buyers and renters, significantly impacting a property’s value. Infestations that are discovered during inspections can lead to lower offers and can delay or even derail a sale or lease agreement. Regular pest control services reassure prospective buyers and renters that the property is well-maintained and free of significant issues, improving its value.

In multi-unit housing, it is particularly important to have routine, thorough bed bug inspections. Infestations in apartments often go undetected and unreported by tenants, which can lead to a chain reaction that leads to the spreading of pests throughout an entire building. This problem is further complicated by the fact that bed bugs are excellent hitchhikers and can easily move between units. To limit the spread of these pests, it is critical to have regularly scheduled inspections (quarterly, semi-annual, etc.) of all units by a qualified pest control professional.

It is advisable to thoroughly clean and vacuum all rooms, paying special attention to those that contain beds or seating areas. Bedding should be laundered using hot water and high-temperature dryer settings. Stuffed animals, backpacks, and shoes should be washed as well. A few dish-shaped pitfall traps placed near beds and seating areas can help to reveal the presence of these pests early in the infestation process.

What Does a Plumber Do?

Zain Haney Plumbing , , , ,

Plumbers Bradenton install, repair, and maintain gas and water pipes and sanitation units like sinks, toilets, and showers. They also work with drainage systems and waste disposal units.

Plumbing is a skilled trade that requires specialized education and training. It involves working with a wide range of materials and complex machinery.

Plumbing systems are the pipes and fixtures that provide water, hot water, and sewage in residential, commercial, and industrial buildings. Plumbers install, inspect, and repair these systems to ensure they function properly and safely. They also ensure that the fixtures and pipes meet building codes and regulations. Some plumbers specialize in specific areas of the plumbing system. For example, some specialize in gas fittings, while others focus on toilets and sinks. Plumbers often need to work with heavy tools that require extensive manual dexterity. They also need to be able to climb ladders and work in tight spaces.

In addition to installing new plumbing fixtures, plumbers repair and replace existing ones. This includes replacing faucets, toilets, bathtubs, showers, and more. They can also perform routine maintenance on water heaters to keep them running efficiently.

Plumbers also inspect and test sewage systems for leaks, clogs, and other problems. They may use video cameras to diagnose issues and determine the best action. In some cases, they may need to remove and replace entire sections of sewage pipes. Plumbers specializing in sanitary plumbing systems also clean and disinfect sewer pipes and fixtures to prevent the spread of disease.

Many plumbers are self-employed contractors. They may also join a plumbing company that offers regular and emergency services. These companies typically have more experience and a wider range of services than independent plumbers. They may also provide warranties on their work.

Another important distinction between commercial and residential plumbers is their level of customer service. Residential plumbers spend most of their time working in a client’s home and must be able to explain complicated plumbing issues clearly. On the other hand, commercial plumbers deal with much larger buildings and may interact less with customers.

Plumbers need to be knowledgeable about the latest technologies in their field. They should be able to read blueprints and understand the requirements of local building codes. They should also be able to identify potential problems and provide solutions. They should also be able to communicate with clients effectively to assess their needs and provide advice.

Many people only realize how reliant they are on their plumbing systems once something goes wrong. When that happens, they need a professional plumber to fix the problem quickly and efficiently. Plumbers can repair leaky pipes, clogged sinks, toilets and bathtubs, garbage disposals, and more. They also have the skills to install new fixtures, such as showers and faucets.

A good plumber will have excellent customer service skills to answer questions and explain the problem in detail. They should also be able to work well under pressure and have the stamina to perform physical labor. Some plumbers specialize in specific areas, such as gas or water repairs. Others may focus on residential or commercial properties.

Plumbing technicians must be able to work with various tools and materials. They may have to cut through walls and floors to reach the pipes, which requires strong manual dexterity. They must be able to measure accurately and read blueprints. Plumbers must also be familiar with the building codes and regulations of each state or municipality.

Plumbers usually work alone or with other construction tradespeople, but they can also be self-employed and operate their own plumbing business. They can also join a union that negotiates wages and benefits for its members.

One of the most important services that plumbers provide is sewer line repair. Backed-up sewage can cause health problems, such as cholera, typhoid, and hepatitis. A backed-up sewer can damage your home’s appliances, including the dishwasher and washing machine. If you suspect a problem with your sewer lines, contact a plumber immediately.

While most people think of a plumber only when they have a problem, getting regular inspections of your plumbing system is a good idea. This will help identify issues before they become major problems, saving you time and money in the long run. Plumbers can also help you prevent sewage backups by regularly inspecting and cleaning your drains. They can also recommend energy-efficient solutions for your home or office. Contact a local plumbing company for more information.

One of the most important jobs that plumbers do is to perform regular maintenance and preemptive services. This includes everything from fixing leaky faucets to preventing clogs. They also provide drain cleaning services, which are a great way to get rid of any built-up debris that can cause serious problems later on down the line. A regular plumbing maintenance plan can save homeowners money and keep their pipes in better shape, so they last longer.

Another type of maintenance service that plumbers offer is septic system repair and installation. These experts can work with residential and commercial spaces and handle anything from repairing a toilet to installing an entire septic system. They can also install and repair water tanks, bathroom fixtures, and showers. These professionals often work with other construction teams to ensure the plumbing is integrated seamlessly into the overall building project.

Commercial plumbers are responsible for the plumbing in large office buildings, hospitals, and other public spaces. These systems are more complex than residential ones, requiring extensive training to understand how each component works together. They must also know how to handle hazardous materials and work in confined spaces.

Plumbers working on new construction projects are expected to understand engineering and architectural design. They must be able to read blueprints and plans to lay out piping accurately. They may also be responsible for obtaining the necessary permits and inspections. These plumbers are usually paid by the hour and may need to work overtime in the event of a plumbing emergency.

Residential plumbers are concerned with the plumbing in homes and apartments. They are responsible for installing and repairing sinks, toilets, bathtubs, and showers. They can also handle more complicated issues, like clogged drains and sewer lines. Residential plumbers are often required to travel between different properties and may need to do some digging to locate buried pipes. They often need to communicate with residents to understand their concerns and explain the issue clearly.

Plumbing systems are integral to people’s daily lives. They ensure the availability of clean, safe water for drinking and washing. They also protect people from water-borne diseases by collecting and draining wastewater efficiently. Plumbers are also responsible for installing and maintaining the piping systems of buildings of all types, including homes, schools, hospitals, and factories. Because of this, plumbers need to be knowledgeable about building codes and blueprints.

Plumbing jobs can be dangerous, but they are also very rewarding. The career is well-suited for people who enjoy working with their hands and solving problems. Plumbers often work with heavy equipment and tools, so they must be physically fit. The job is also challenging because it requires critical thinking and the ability to weigh multiple options when resolving a problem. The job is also recession-proof because people will always need their services, even when the economy is bad.

Plumbers must be able to work as part of a team. They often work with other tradespeople, such as electricians, carpenters, and contractors. They must be able to communicate with the other team members and understand their responsibilities. They must also be able to make decisions and follow directions quickly.

Another aspect of the job that requires good communication is customer interaction. Plumbers must be able to explain complex plumbing issues in layperson’s terms so that customers can understand them. They also need to be able to answer questions about the cost of materials and labor.

As a result, plumbers must be able to negotiate prices and contracts with clients. They must also be able to read and interpret blueprints and schematics. In addition, they must be able to make accurate measurements.

A high school diploma or equivalent is usually required for plumbers to begin their careers. Many plumbers receive on-the-job training, but technical schools with courses in pipe system design, tool use, and safety are also beneficial. After completing an apprenticeship program, plumbers are considered journey workers and may be eligible for master status with additional courses and experience.

Water Heaters Are Familiar Fixtures in Most Homes

Zain Haney Plumbing , , , ,

Denver Water Heaters are familiar fixtures in most homes. They look like big metal cylinders and are usually confined to the basement or utility room.

Water Heaters

They heat the water for showering, washing dishes, and laundry. Water heaters can be electric or gas. For an efficient electric model, look for ENERGY STAR certification.

A water heater’s energy efficiency is determined by its UEF rating, which evaluates how much fuel or electricity it takes to heat your home’s hot water. Higher EF ratings are better, but look beyond the EF number to see how well your potential water heater performs in your area and how it compares to similar models.

Electric models are most efficient, especially if you’re able to source your electricity from renewable sources such as solar and wind. They use less energy overall and don’t require gas lines or on-site storage tanks. Electric water heaters also can be located closer to the outlets, which reduces piping costs and reduces energy loss due to long pipe runs.

Some models of both gas and electric tank-type water heaters have an option to install a drain-water heat recovery system, which captures the excess heat that flows down your home’s drains when you’re using hot water. This extra heat is used to pre-heat incoming cold water, which cuts down on your energy consumption. These systems can be installed with all types of water heaters, including demand and solar units.

A 240-volt recirculation loop is another way to cut your energy usage by redirecting some of the hot water’s wasted heat back to its source, reducing the demand on the unit to produce additional hot water. Some models are designed to work with your air conditioning, which helps in warmer climates where the recirculation loop can be more effective.

Some models of both electric and gas tank-type water heaters are available with a condensing technology, which funnels exhaust gases from the unit to capture more heat and further reduce your energy consumption. These models can be more expensive to buy, but can save you up to 13% on your energy bills compared to standard gas models.

Installation Options

When installing a new water heater, you have several choices to consider: fuel type and configuration (storage, demand, or combination), size, and cost. Fuel types include natural gas, propane, oil, and electric; your choice depends on what services are available in your area.

Storage tank water heaters use energy to keep a supply of hot water ready, even when no faucet is open. That process, called standby heating losses, uses about 3 percent of the total energy a storage tank consumes, and it continues 24 hours a day. New energy-efficient models feature more insulation around the tank to reduce standby heat loss.

A new gas water heater can be more efficient than an older model, especially if it is a sealed combustion unit with a power vent. A sealed combustion unit has a two-pipe system that brings outside air directly to the burner and exhausts the heated combustion gases out of the house. It is the safest and most efficient option for gas-fired water heaters.

If your family’s peak-hour hot water demand is relatively low, a single point-of-use tankless water heater may meet your needs. Installing a POU water heater is a DIY project that’s not as involved as it sounds, but it does involve plumbing and electrical work. It’s a good idea to plan your installation on paper before beginning the job, so you don’t get stuck with a project that stalls as you struggle to figure out where the water line should connect and where the venting will go.

Look for models with a modulating temperature control, which allows the water heater to operate at a lower flow rate when demand is less than normal, to save energy. Also look for units with a high first-hour rating, which indicates how quickly the unit will be able to supply hot water when you need it.

If you choose a tankless water heater, you’ll need to install a new gas line, either a direct-vent or a power-vented unit. A direct-vent unit has a two-pipe system that provides combustion air directly from outside the house, while a power-vented unit uses a fan to assist in exhausting combustion gases through a side-of-the-house vent.

Maintenance

As most homeowners know, prevention is much better than cure when it comes to appliances. Water heaters are no exception. Many problems that occur with them are relatively simple and inexpensive to correct with a little maintenance.

Whether it’s a gas or electric model, all hot water heaters need regular maintenance to keep them in good working condition. This includes flushing the tank, replacing the anode rod and checking for rust and leaks. Flushing is a process that involves turning off the gas or electricity, opening the pressure relief valve (it should be clearly marked) and connecting a hose to the drain valve on the bottom of the unit. The hose should be located in an area where the dirty water can be easily drained, such as into a floor drain. Once the hose is connected, open the drain valve and allow two or three gallons to flow out of the tank. You should hear gurgling and groaning sounds as the sediment is flushed from the tank.

Anode rods sit inside a tank and help prevent rust. These rods need to be replaced periodically, usually every three to five years, but it’s important that they’re checked on a routine basis to make sure they haven’t corroded yet.

Water tanks should be stored in an area that allows for easy access, has adequate ventilation and is clear of flammable or combustible materials. Additionally, if you have a gas model of water heater, it’s crucial to install carbon monoxide detectors throughout your home to warn you if there is a carbon monoxide leak.

If you want to do your own maintenance, it’s important to know that the hot water heater must be completely cool before flushing or cleaning. Water over 120 degrees F can cause scalding burns and higher temperatures increase the risk of sediment build-up. It’s also recommended that you have the tank drained and cleaned annually to avoid damage from sludge. If you choose to have a professional do the work, they’ll also check the temperature and pressure release valves on your tank as well as the anode rod.

Replacement

Water heaters are one of the home appliances that people often take for granted. They are a necessary fixture in every home, providing hot running water for everything from bathing and washing clothes to cooking and cleaning. When your water heater fails, you are likely to find yourself in a stressful situation, especially if the problem occurs at an inconvenient time.

If your current water heater is nearing the end of its useful life, or you are looking to upgrade to a more efficient model, there are many options available. Newer models meet higher energy efficiency standards, and are generally less expensive to operate than older units. Some homeowners may also want to consider installing a tankless or on-demand water heater to save even more money.

One of the biggest considerations when choosing a new water heater is determining the size of unit that is needed. The amount of hot water used by the household at different times of day will help determine the appropriate gallons of capacity. The ideal size will ensure that the household has enough hot water on demand without having to wait for the heater to reheat.

The next factor to consider is the fuel source. Most homes will use electric water heaters, but gas models are available as well. They can be powered by either natural gas or propane and are usually less expensive to operate than electric models, although they do require an existing natural gas line in order to function.

Lastly, the location of the water heater will have a big impact on installation costs. If the unit is being installed in an area of the home that is not accessible to plumbing, a bollard or other form of barrier should be placed around the unit to protect it from physical damage caused by vehicles. The cost of this can range from a few dollars to several hundred. A plumber can advise on the best solution for your home.

What Causes Clogged Drains and What You Can Do About Them

Zain Haney Plumbing , , , , ,

Clogged drains are not only a nuisance, but they can cause damage to your pipes and cause costly wastewater backup. Ask On Point Plumbing & Heating what causes blocked drains and what you can do about them.

The most common reasons for clogged drains are hair in bathtubs and showers, food waste in sinks, “flushable” wipes, paper towels, toilet tampons, and mineral buildup from hard water that prevents drain lines from flowing properly. 

plumbing

FOGs, or fats, oils, and grease, are the main culprits of clogged drains. These villains can cause serious sewer blockages if they are improperly disposed of. Grease is a thick substance that can clog pipes if improperly washed away. When you pour cooking grease down the drain, it may liquefy and flow through the pipes. However, once it cools, it can solidify on the walls of the pipes. This can result in a large and hard-to-remove clog.

Many people will try to dissolve the clump of grease by pouring hot water down the drain. This may sometimes work, but there are more permanent solutions. It is also not safe for the pipes. Pouring boiling water down the drain can push the grease farther into the pipe, resulting in even bigger problems.

The best way to deal with grease clogs is to use commercial products specifically designed for this purpose. These products can be found at most hardware and grocery stores. You can also find these products online. There are also several home remedies that you can use to help with the problem. These include using Vinegar and baking soda.

Pouring a small amount of baking soda and Vinegar down the drain can produce a fizzing reaction that breaks up and liquefies grease. Baking soda is an excellent abrasive that can help break down clogs and remove them from the pipes.

Another great way to remove grease is using a caustic cleaner containing sodium hydroxide (NaOH). This can be purchased at most hardware and grocery stores. There are better solutions for small clogs, but they can be used on larger ones.

Another common cause of clogged sinks is using soaps that contain animal or vegetable fats. It is recommended to switch to soaps that are fat-free. There are several different types of fat-free soaps available. Call a professional plumber for assistance if you are dealing with a severe grease clog.

Many people must refrain from throwing food scraps and leftovers into their kitchen drains, which can contribute to clogged pipes. Grease, oils, and fats are liquid when poured down the drain, but they solidify as they cool, resulting in greasy clogs that can be difficult to remove without professional help. Fibrous foods like eggshells, coffee grounds, and onion skins can also clog your pipes because they don’t dissolve easily in water.

Flour is another common household food item that can cause a drain clog. When mixed with water, flour forms a glue-like substance that can clog your pipes. To avoid this, brush your remaining flour into the trash rather than rinsing it down the drain.

Similarly, pasta and rice can clog your pipes because they absorb water, causing them to swell up and block the pipe. These foods can also contribute to clogs in your garbage disposal unit, so throwing small amounts into the drain is best.

One of the most overlooked causes of clogged drains is hair, which can quickly build up and become a major problem. Both human and pet hair can accumulate in your pipes and lead to a clogged drain, especially when it mixes with grease and soap residue.

In addition to hair, other food waste can also clog your drains. Coffee grounds and eggshells are non-biodegradable and can clog your pipes if disposed of improperly. It’s important to regularly clean your drains with homemade solutions or commercial products to prevent these substances from building up and clogging your drains.

In addition to preventing drain clogs, regular cleaning can help maintain the efficiency and longevity of your plumbing system. Pouring baking soda and Vinegar down your drains can create a chemical reaction that will dissolve most clogs, while running hot water afterward can help move the clog away from your pipes. However, if you are experiencing a serious clog, contacting a plumber for professional assistance is best. They can inspect your pipes and recommend the right solution for your home.

Hair is a leading cause of clogged drains, especially in bathrooms and bathtubs. We lose anywhere from 50 to 100 hairs a day, and those little strands end up in the drains, where they can mix with other debris to create a solid clog. If a hair clog isn’t addressed quickly, it can lead to a slow-draining shower or sink or a complete blockage.

Fortunately, it’s easy to clear hair clogs with the right technique. One option is to use a hook to fish the clump of hair out of the drain. This can be as simple as fashioning a hook out of a wire or a coat hanger, but you can also find special tools designed specifically for this purpose. Another option is using a chemical drain cleaner labeled safe for hair clogs. Follow the instructions on the bottle to apply the chemical safely and effectively.

Another effective way to remove hair from the drain is to brush it before stepping into the shower or tub. This can help prevent many tangled masses of hair from easily getting into your drains. You can also install a shower drain cover, which is relatively inexpensive and sits on top of your drain to catch hair before it goes down. These are available at most home improvement stores.

Plumbing pipes are a challenging system to keep in working order. Much of the sewer and house drains are underground or hidden from view, making it easier to spot problems once they’re well established. Keeping an eye out for warning signs of drain issues may help you nip problems in the bud before they become serious and costly.

Paper products are one of the biggest contributors to clogged toilets. While the only thing that should ever go down a toilet is toilet paper, many household and business items can end up in drains if you must be careful. Items like facial tissues, sales receipts, q-tips, and wipes (even those that claim to be flushable) can all cause bathroom blockages. They’re also not good for the environment or your pipes.

If you use these products regularly, consider investing in a disposal unit. They’ll save you time and money in the long run.

Other common causes of clogged drains include improper disposal of food particles, soap scum, foreign objects, and mineral buildup in areas with hard water.

Many of these problems can be resolved with a simple plunger or a snake, but in some cases, it’s necessary to call a plumber to remove a blocked pipe or replace a broken pipe. It’s also wise to avoid do-it-yourself drain cleaners, like vinegar and baking soda, as they can sometimes worsen a blockage.